Moral Values Imbibed by Practice

The following moral values are not natural.  Means, these can be practiced on imbibing. 

The imbibed values are listed in column no.1.  

Their meaning is given in column no.2.  

A person from the Ramayana/the Mahabharata who possessed such moral value is mentioned in column no.3.  

In fact, the table is made just to have a brief understanding of those aspects.  That is why many many great people are not mentioned in detail in the third column.

All the credits are due to our Guruji, Prof. Rani Sadasiva Murty, who listed out these values in a typical order.

Moral Values imbibed through Practice
Value	Meaning	Example
अक्रोधः Lack of Anger	A strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility is Anger.  Not having these feelings is Lack of Anger	After learning that Manthara’s instruction to Kaikeyi led Rama to exile, Satrughna was very angry at first.  Later, honouring the word of Bharata, he renounced that anger. (At the same time, Showing anger wherever it is necessary is not a bad quality)
अमत्सरम् Non-envious	A feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck is Envy.  Not having this feeling is non-envious.	Viswamitra was envious earlier, with the possessions and Power of Vasishtha.  Gradually, by performing  great Tapas, Viswamitra became non-envious.  (Sometimes, envy is told to be good for it generates healthy competition among the capable)
शौचम् Purity	Freedom from adulteration or contamination & Freedom from immorality.	Nahusha, earlier, was immoral and wanted to possess Sachidevi, wife of Indra by using his power.  Later, he was cursed by Agastya and learned the importance of morality. (All the sages are known for their Purity)
आत्मचिन्तनम् Self-check	Examining Self in order to determine its accuracy, quality, or condition.	Arjuna was little envious with others in the early stages but, he used to check himself regularaly and put all the hard efforts to elevate himself above all the warriors and succeeded.
अनसूयता Non-jealous	Not feeling or showing an envious resentment of someone or their achievements, possessions, or perceived advantages.	Rama, on watching Ravana in the war-field, praised his brillinace and said that he was eligible to rule all the three worlds if he had no few well-known weaknesses.  (Duryodhana was jealous with Pandavas and instead of choosing a boon for self from Durvasa, he sent him to trouble the Pandavas.)
विद्या Knowledge	Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.	Dharmavyadha was a meat-seller in the city of Mithila.  Yet, he gained immense knowledge. He even taught many Dharmas to a sage called Kausika.
दानम् Charity	The voluntary giving of help to those in need.	Saktuprastha was poor man.  Yet, he was generous enough to offer even his food to others, concealing his hugner.  He proved that one need not be rich to make charity.
विद्या Learning	The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught.	Hanuman learned many Sastras from Sun God.  He served Sun’s son Sugriva with all his learned skills. (Rama, Arjuna, Vidura, Duryodhana are other examples)
कौशलम् Skill	The ability to do something well; expertise.	Drona denied to teach archery to Ekalavya.  But, Ekalavya practised archery on his own and became very skillful. (Duryodhana practised Mace-fight and became very skillful)
सन्तोषः Content	A state of satisfaction.	Yayati was not happy for he became old by the curse of Sukra.  He was not content with the pleasures that were experienced by him till then.  So, he exchanged his old age with the youth of his son named Puru.  Later, he understood that Content was purely psychological but not physical and became content.
स्वाध्यायः Self study	A detailed investigation and analysis of Self.	Bhishma sacrifised his right on throne for his father and considered himself the guardina of the throne and the successors of Kurus’ dynasty.  He learned numerous Dharmas by serving the noble.  Later, he taught them to Yudhishthira.
अस्तेयता Non-stealing	Taking (another person's property) without permission or legal right and without intending to return it is stealing.  Not doing so is Non-stealing.	Likhitha was hungry and hence plucked a fruit and ate it without any permission of its owner.  Later, he understood his mistake, repented and received a voluntary punishment from the king.
आत्मज्ञानम् Self-knowledge	Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of Self, on Self.	Dhritarashtra was blind by his love towards his son Duryodhana earlier.  Later, gradually, in the company of Vidura and by the instruction of Sanatsujata he gradually habituated to think of self and left the city of Hastinapura to live in the forest.  He led a peaceful life there and renounced his body in the wild fire.
मूर्तिः Personality	The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character.	Bharata was a great administrator.  He was a great warrior as well. Yet, he was free from greed of throne. He remained as an idol brother forever.

Natural Aspects

The following aspects are natural.  Means, these are possessed by few people by birth; by instinct, but not by any kind of practice or exercise.

The natural aspects are listed in column no.1.  

Their meaning is given in column no.2.  

A person from the Ramayana/the Mahabharata who possessed such aspect naturally is mentioned in column no.3.  

In fact, the table is made just to have a brief understanding of those aspects.  That is why many many great people are not mentioned in detail in the third column.

All the credits are due to our Guruji, Prof. Rani Sadasiva Murty, who listed out these Natural Aspects.

Natural Aspects
Aspect	Meaning	Example
तितिक्षा Forbearance	Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance.	Rama was all smiles when was about to be coroneted and even when he was asked to move to exile.
उन्नतिः Elevation	The action or fact of raising or being raised to a higher or more important level, state, or position.	Viswamitra was not happy with his position and incessantly put his efforts in the process of attaining the position of Brahmarshi.
बुद्धिः Cognition	The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.	Sugriva was a champion in cognition.  He learned well from his experience and grew from strong to stronger.
अकार्पण्यम् Non-submission	The action of accepting or yielding to a superior force or to the will or authority of another person is submission.  Not being like that is Non-submission.	Hanuman never submitted himself to enemies; wherever he was; and in whichever situation he was present.
दया Kindness	The quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate.	Yudhishthira was kind enough even towards Duryodhana, who was the root cause of all his troubles.  So, he was called as अजातशत्रुः।
आर्जवम् Nobility	The quality of being noble in character. Possessing or showing fine personal qualities or high moral principles.	Arjuna never wanted to kill anyone unnecessarily.  He rejected even the divine damsel Urvasi for a reason.  He was quite and soft althrough his life.
ह्रीः Feeling ashamed	Being reluctant to do something through fear of embarrassment or humiliation.	Lakshmana was angry when he noticed Bharata coming towards Chitrakuta with all the army, for he considered that the latter was coming to assassinate Rama.  Later, after understanding Bharata’s true intention, he felt ashamed of his agressiveness.
लोभशून्यत्वम् Lack of Greed	Not having intense and selfish desire for something, especially wealth, power, or food.	Bharatha rejected authority over kingdom without any second thought for it was not his.
मेधा Intellect	The faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, especially with regard to abstract matters.	Krishna was a foreseer.  Without him, Victory of the Pandavas in the war of Kurukshetra was doubtful.
स्मृतिः Memory	The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.	Sanjaya had astonishing memory.  He could remember each and every detail of the war of Kurushetra that lasted for whole 18 days.
धीः Intelligence	The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.	Vidura was an efficient learner and an excellent applier of his wisdom.
व्यक्तिः Individuality	The quality or character of a particular person or thing that distinguishes them from others of the same kind, especially when strongly marked.	Vikarna was one among Kauravas.  He was the only person to question the humiliation Draupadi received; in the assembly where all other celebrated gentle men kept themselves quite.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF SUGRIVA

FAME OF SUGRIVA AS CRISIS MANAGER

Srirama’s wife was abducted by Ravana.  He was in search for her.  On the way, he had an encounter with a demon called Kabandha.  Kabandha got his curse deactivated and retained his old from as a divine person.  In return to Rama’s help, he advised Rama to approach Sugriva, who could help Rama in the crisis.

 यत्कृते व्यसनं प्राप्तं त्वया दारप्रधर्षणम्।

तदवश्यं त्वया कार्यः स सहृत्सुहृदां वर।

“Now, you are in crisis.  So, now you are supposed to make friends with an efficient person, who can bring you out of crisis.”

स च ते नावमन्तव्यः सुग्रीवो नराधिपः।

Do not overlook Sugriva, considering him to be a mere ‘monkey.’

SUGRIVA’S ASSISTANTS

निवसत्यात्मवान् वीरः चतुर्भिः सह वानरैः।

Sugriva is supported by four remarkable ministers, who are distinguished in strategies and solid in warfare.

SUGRIVA’S PERSONAL TRAITS

वानरेन्द्रो महावीर्यः तेजोवानमितप्रभः।

सत्यसन्धो विनीतश्च धृतिमान् मतिमान् महान्।।

Sugriva is a valiant person.  He is brilliant.  He is truthful.  He is deferential.  He is steady by temperament.  He is very wise.

दक्षः प्रगल्भो द्युतिमान् महाबलपराक्रमः।

He is competent.  He is shrewd.  He maintains dignity.  He is sturdy and robust enough to trounce enemies.

कृतज्ञः कामरूपी।

He is grateful.  He can take the guise of any figure according to his wish. 

SUGRIVA’S CAPABILITIES

न तस्याविदितं लोके किञ्चिदस्ति हि राघव।

There is nothing unknown to him, in the world.

नरमांसाशिनां लोके नैपुण्यादधिगच्छति।

He can overpower the demons with his skills.

HOW COULD SUGRIVA HELP RAMA

स नदीर्वुपलान् शैलान् गिरिदुर्गाणि कन्दरान्।

अन्वीक्ष्य वानरैः सार्थं पत्नीं तेऽधिगमिष्यति।।

He can make his monkeys search for Sita along the rivers, vast stretches of the mountains, strenuous hills, caves and get her back for Rama.

वानरांश्च महाकायान् प्रेषयिष्यति राघव।

He can send gigantic monkeys in search of Sita.

स मेरुशृङ्गाग्रगतामनिन्दितां 

प्रविश्य पातालतलेऽपि वा श्रिताम्।

प्लवङ्गमानां प्रवरस्तव प्रियां 

निहत्य रक्षांसि पुनः प्रदास्यति।

Wherever may Sita be present; He can fly to the top of the Meru Mountain.  He can pierce into Patala.  He can kill any number of demons.  He can get back Sita for Rama.

SUGRIVA DURING THE CRISIS OF ENMITY AGAINST VALI

Sugriva tried his best to convince Vali that he was not an enemy of the latter.  Yet, Vali was adamant and hence,

1 Sugriva found a safe place, where there would be no fear of Vali.  (Rshyamuka Mountain) 

2  He was always vigilant. 

3 He impressed his ministers with his modesty and tenderness, so that, they could not desert Sugriva even when he was deprived of his kingdom.  They were very loyal to him as well. 

4 He patiently waited for some help with which, he could get rid of Vali.  Later, with the help of Rama he successfully came out of the crisis.

PATIENCE PAYS, NOT HURRY

Sugriva was desperate to get rid of Vali.  Rama said that he could kill Vali.  Yet, Sugriva did not encourage him to do so in hurry.  He tested Rama’s strength.  When he trusted Rama that he could easily slay Vali, then only, he could design the next plan.  His strategy was proved to be right.

SUGRIVA’S PHILOSOPHY ON CRISIS

(These are the very words of Sugriva toRama.)

व्यसने वाऽर्थकृच्छ्रे वा भये वा जीवितान्तके।

विमृशन् वै स्वया बुद्ध्या धृतिमान् नावसीदति।।

During any crisis, may it be a financial crisis, while enduring some fear, may it be perilous enough to end one’s life, but, one must be steady and cogitate upon the situation by using one’s acumen. 

बालिशस्तु नरो नित्यं वैक्लब्यं योऽनुवर्तते।

स मज्जत्यवशः शोके भाराक्रान्तेन नौर्जले।।

A man who is destitute is heartbroken.  When he loses control by grief, he declines down like a ship with over burden that drowns in the sea.

ये शोकमनुवर्तन्ते न तेषां विद्यते सुखम्।

तेजश्च क्षीयते तेषां न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि।।

Those, who are grief-stricken, have no comfort.  They lose their splendour.  So, never let the grief strike you down.

स शोकं त्यज राजेन्द्र धैर्यमाश्रय केवलम्।

So, shun your grief away, harbour yourself in Courage alone.

मर्यादां सत्त्वयुक्तानां धृतिं नोत्स्रष्टुमर्हसि।

You are not supposed to shed out the decency of a competent man.

पौरुषं श्रय शोकस्य नाऽन्तरं दातुमर्हसि।

One should go after an endeavour.  You are not supposed to give any space to grief.